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RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos em uma coorte de pacientes em estado crítico admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva e identificar fatores de risco relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento nas áreas de saúde física, cognitiva e mental. Métodos: Este foi um estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo desenvolvido na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva a partir de 1 semana e com necessidade de ventilação mecânica por mais de 3 dias, choque ou delirium. Foram registradas variáveis demográficas, motivo da admissão, diagnósticos, sedação, tipo de ventilação mecânica, complicações e tempo de internação. Realizou-se análise univariada para identificar os fatores de risco relacionados à síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos. As escalas utilizadas para a avaliação das diferentes esferas foram Barthel, Pfeiffer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale e Impact of Event Scale-6. As principais variáveis de interesse foram incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos de modo geral e por domínios. Os fatores de risco foram examinados em cada um dos domínios da saúde (saúde física, cognitiva e mental). Resultados: Participaram 87 pacientes. A Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II média foi de 16,5. O número médio de dias na unidade de terapia intensiva foi 17. A incidência geral da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos foi de 56,3% (n = 49; IC95% 45,8 - 66,2). A incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos em cada uma das esferas foi de 32,1% (física), 11,5% (cognitiva) e 36,6% (saúde mental). Conclusão: A incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos foi de 56,3%. A esfera da saúde mental foi a mais frequentemente envolvida. Os fatores de risco diferem, dependendo da área considerada.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence of postintensive care syndrome in a cohort of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit and to identify risk factors related to its development in the physical, cognitive and mental health areas. Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study developed in the intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients with intensive care unit stays equal to or longer than one week and the need for mechanical ventilation for more than 3 days, shock or delirium were included in the study. Demographic variables, reasons for admission, diagnoses, sedation, type of mechanical ventilation used, complications and length of stay were recorded. A univariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors related to postintensive care syndrome. The scales used for the assessment of the different spheres were Barthel, Pfeiffer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-6. The main variables of interest were postintensive care syndrome incidence overall and by domains. Risk factors were examined in each of the health domains (physical, cognitive and mental health). Results: Eighty-seven patients were included. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 16.5. The mean number of intensive care unit days was 17. The incidence of global postintensive care syndrome was 56.3% (n = 49, 95%CI 45.8 - 66.2%). The incidence of postintensive care syndrome in each of the spheres was 32.1% (physical), 11.5% (cognitive), and 36.6% (mental health). Conclusions: The incidence of postintensive care syndrome is 56.3%. The mental health sphere is the most frequently involved. The risk factors are different depending on the area considered.
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Abstract Introduction: Priapism is rare in dialysis patients. It is associated with several risk factors inherent to therapy and kidney disease. This condition has been reported in severe COVID-19 cases, probably caused by coagulopathy secondary to the infection. However, it has not been reported in patients with mild COVID-19. Case presentation: A 65-year-old patient on hemodialysis and with mild COVID-19 presented with a 30-hour painful penile erection. Physical examination revealed an erection, but no other significant findings were observed. Based on the clinical history, physical examination and laboratory test results, the patient was diagnosed with ischemic priapism. Corpora cavernosa drainage was performed and two injections of epinephrine (each with a dose of 2mL of epinephrine solution 1/100 000) were administered, achieving complete resolution of the symptoms. Conclusions: At the time of writing this case report, there is no information available on cases of priapism in patients with mild manifestations of COVID-19, nor is it clear how the risk of thrombosis should be assessed in this group of patients. From a pathophysiological point of view, factors related to dialysis and kidney disease could have predisposed this patient to priapism, although the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection is uncertain. Therefore, further studies are required to confirm or rule out the association between COVID-19 and priapism in dialysis patients.
Resumen Introducción. El priapismo es una condición infrecuente en pacientes en diálisis que se puede presentar por factores inherentes a esta terapia y a la enfermedad renal. Por otra parte, es una entidad que se ha reportado en pacientes con síntomas severos de COVID-19 y se ha asociado a coagulopatía secundaria a la infección, pero de la que no hay registro en casos leves de esta enfermedad. Presentación de caso. Paciente masculino de 65 años en hemodiálisis y con infección por SARS-CoV-2 con síntomas leves, quien consultó al servicio de urgencias de un hospital de cuarto nivel por erección peneana dolorosa de 30 horas de evolución. Al examen físico se evidenció la erección, sin otros hallazgos relevantes. Con base en la historia clínica, el examen físico y los resultados de laboratorio, se diagnosticó priapismo isquémico y se realizó drenaje de senos cavernosos y aplicación de dos inyecciones de epinefrina (cada una con una dosis de 2mL de solución de epinefrina 1/100 000), lográndose resolución completa de la condición. Conclusiones. Hasta el momento de la elaboración del presente reporte de caso no hay información disponible de casos de priapismo en pacientes con manifestaciones leves de COVID-19, y tampoco hay claridad de cómo se debe evaluar el riesgo de trombosis en este grupo de pacientes. Desde el punto de vista fisiopatológico, factores relacionados con la diálisis y la enfermedad renal pudieron predisponer a este paciente al priapismo, aunque no es claro el rol de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Por tanto, se requieren estudios que permitan confirmar o descartar la asociación entre COVID-19 y priapismo en pacientes en diálisis.
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Background: The medical alert system (MAS) was created for the timely handling of clinical decompensations, experienced by patients hospitalized at the Medical Surgical Service (MSS) in a private clinic. It is activated by the nurse when hemodynamic, respiratory, neurological, infectious or metabolic alterations appear, when a patient falls or complains of pain. A physician assesses the patient and decides further therapy. Aim: To analyze the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients who activated or not the MAS and develop a score to identify patients who will potentially activate MAS. Material and Methods: Data from 13,933 patients discharged from the clinic in a period of one year was analyzed. Results: MAS was activated by 472 patients (3.4%). Twenty two of these patients died during hospital stay compared to 68 patients who did not activate the alert (0.5%, p < 0.01). The predictive score developed considered age, diagnosis (based on the tenth international classification of diseases) and whether the patient was medical or surgical. The score ranges from 0 to 9 and a cutoff ≥ 6 provides a sensitivity and specificity of 37 and 81% respectively and a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 1.9 to predict the activation of MAS. The same cutoff value predicts death with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and a negative predictive value of 99.8%. Conclusions: This score may be useful to identify hospitalized patients who may have complications during their hospital stay.